que, quien, donde, cuyo — connect ideas without repeating (Spain Spanish)
Relative pronouns link a main clause to a relative clause that describes a noun — without repeating it.
La mujer que habla es mi jefa. = The woman who is speaking is my boss.
At B1, master que (most common), quien/quienes (people), donde (places), and cuyo basics (possession).
Que works for people, things, and most situations. It can be subject or object in the relative clause — no personal a after que .
Object: El libro que leí (that I read). Subject: La persona que llamó (who called).
Use quien (singular) or quienes (plural) for people , especially after a preposition or in slightly formal style.
La persona con quien hablé · Mis amigos, quienes viven en Valencia
Donde = where / in which (places). For abstract “where” in time, cuando is used instead.
La ciudad donde nací · El bar donde quedamos
Cuyo agrees with the thing owned (gender + number), not the owner. It is formal/literary — in speech, de + person is often clearer.
María, cuya madre es médica = María, whose mother is a doctor.
The boy who lives next door →
The city where I was born →
The doctor I spoke with (formal) →
María, whose mother is a doctor →
The film we saw yesterday →
The bar where we meet →
The neighbours who have lived here ten years →
Everything you say →
An author whose novels you have read →
The person you write to →